Nature Extracts Contribution towards Arab World Region Research Paper

Nature Extracts Contribution towards Arab World Region - Research Paper Example The idea is to introduce nutritional products which are completely based on herbal plants and shrubs. The whole process of manufacturing the raw materials, purchasing the raw materials, manufacturing the herbal based products and finally, the distribution of the products are done among the Arab World countries. These processes could have been outsourced from the far eastern countries like India, Japan, and China, but that would not lead to the generation of employment in the Arab region. This research project lays out the plan of how to carry out the above processes and what problems are to be encountered.     The name of the company that is taking the entrepreneurial initiative is Nature Extracts. The product lines chosen are general vitamins, products specific for sports and nutrition, protein supplements, and diet vitamins and medicines. The product lines are all herbal based (Acs 2003). The idea is to manufacture the herbs and shrubs and the medicinal plants in Egypt, Oman, a nd Libya, process or manufacture the semi-finished products in Egypt, pack them there and ship the products for distribution to regions like Qatar, UAE, Kuwait, Bahrain, and Saudi Arabia. The problem is that not all regions fit for growing the herbal and medicinal plants. Apart from that, there is a problem of transporting the raw materials to the plants for furthering processing. The choice of the right distributing partner and channel is another problem. The initiative to open herbal and medicinal plants is already in the direct competition with the more contemporary medicines and nutritional products (Baumol 1988). The herbal based nutritional and medicinal products are considered to be traditional medicines. So in certain Arab regions where there is the considerable influx of aid provided by different international humanitarian groups like Red Cross and the WHO with modern nonherbal based medicines, it will take more than just a sincere effort to make the strong presence in the market. 5. Hypothesis The hypotheses are formed to negate the assumptions formed in the null hypothesis with appropriate reasoning and logic. The hypotheses are formed according to the importance of the factor.  

The Native Family Versus the Dominant Culture Essay Example for Free

The Native Family Versus the Dominant Culture Essay The current interest in what has come to be called multicultural literature has focused critical attention on defining its most salient characteristic: authoring a text which appeals to at least two different cultural codes. (Wiget 258) Louise Erdrich says shes an emissary of the between-world. (Bacon) I have one foot on tribal lands and one foot in middle-class life. Her stories unfold where native family and dominant culture clash yet rarely blend, a kaleidoscope of uneasy pieces. The reader becomes the mediator, an observer on the edges as two cultural codes (Wiget 258) collide. She creates dyads: shards of interaction as identities reflect patterns from both cultures. Born in 1954 in Little Falls, Minnesota, Louise Erdrich grew up in Wahpeton, North Dakota. Her heritage includes a French-Ojibwe mother and a German father. With encouragement from her father, she learned to write stories and read William Shakespeares plays (Giles 44). Her parents taught at the Bureau of Indian Affairs School while her grandparents lived on Turtle Mountain Reservation nearby. She did not study the Ojibwe language or culture until she moved to New Hampshire with her husband, Michael Dorris. She had taking an anthropology class taught by Dorris at Dartmouth, which stimulated her interest in Native American storytelling. Feeling estranged from her family and heritage after moving away, she decided to learn more about the High Plains setting of her stories. (Habich) During her lifetime, Erdrich probably experienced racism or prejudice because of segregation laws in the fifties. A member of the first coeducational class at Dartmouth in l972, she earned an MA in creative writing at Johns Hopkins University. (Habich) She worked at a variety of jobs: life guarding, waitressing, teaching poetry in prisons, weighing trucks on the interstate and hoeing sugar beets. Erdrich found urban life different from reservation life when she became an editor for the Circle, a Boston Indian Council  newspaper. She raised several children, some adopted, which provided insight and an understanding of human experience from yet another point of view. Louise Erdrich reveals the Native American lifestyle and collects truths common to all races in her books of poetry, Jacklight and Baptism of Desire, and novels, The Beet Queen, Tracks, Love Medicine, and The Bingo Palace. She commented in a 1991 Writers Digest interview: The people in our families made everything into a story. They love to tell a good story. People sit and the stories start coming, one after another. You just sort of grab the tail of the last persons story: it reminds you of something and you keep going on. I suppose that when you grow up constantly hearing the stories rise, break and fall, it gets into you somehow. (Giles 43) Family for Native Americans means living as a tribe where all adults share some responsibility for socializing the children. The extended kinship system connects an individual to all members of the society, either by descent or marriage, or through formal religious or social affiliations. (Encyc of No Amer Indians) In American Horse, Erdrich combines pieces seeking configuration. Erdrichs characters are met the way people in real life are met: you meet them and then you start knowing who their family is and what their background is. (Huey) Set on the North Dakota Indian reservation, Erdrich creates dyads of conflict where characters interface. A mirroring polarity also occurs between two feminine worlds in American Horse. Albertine exists as the mother living in hiding and fear that the authorities will take her son, Buddy. The social worker, Vicki Koob, approaches with clouded notions of what is best for him. In all likelihood, she never has experienced motherhood. Each relates from her culture of inner core values and contradictions. Through Buddy, Erdrich reveals a mother-son dyad. He is the product of the man she had loved and let go. (American Horse l96) Erdrich uses visual imagery throughout the story to reflect what is perceived and what is real. Buddy had been knocked awake out of hiding in a washing machine while herds of policemen with dogs searched through a large building with many tiny rooms. . . .Tss, his mother mumbled, half awake, Wasnt nothing. But Buddy sat up after her breathing went deep again, and he watched. There was something coming and he knew it. (American Horse 196) The reader has sound and visual cues to determine Albertines condition. Is she sleeping or in a stupor? Later the social worker alludes to Albertine as an alcoholic. [But notice that the child only speaks of the sweet scent of powder on his mother, not of alcohol] Buddy is sitting on the edge along with the reader. When Erdrich changed the Buddy character to Redford for a chapter in The Bingo Palace, she included the words that hes been knocked out of a dream where he was hiding in a washing machine. (Bingo Palace 171) providing more insight into how he gained his surrealistic visions. Buddy has a picture in his mind: It was a large thing made of metal with many barbed hooks, points, and drag chains on it, something like a giant potato peeler that rolled out of the sky, scraping clouds down with it and jabbing or crushing everything that lay in its path on the ground. (American Horse 197) In Bingo Palace, it becomes, something like Grandma Zeldas potato peeler providing a concrete connection to Buddys apprehension. Buddys vision reveals that hell be peeled away from his home. Buddys sexual identity also is awakening. He learns about women through Albertine with visual and tactile clues. The confliction further increases since he has created their situation, even though he realizes his importance  in her life. he felt like hugging her so hard and in such a special way that she would say to him, Lets get married. there were also times he closed his eyes and wished that she would die, only a few times, but still it haunted him that his wish might come true. (American Horse 197) The narrative sets up for the dominant white cultures power play, represented by the white social worker, Miss Vicki Koob, two police officers, a tribal officer named Harmony and a state officer, Brackett who have legal papers to take Buddy. They show no respect to Albertine, her maternal or civil rights. The dyad of two women has different visions for Buddy and of human life. One woman will fight for his life; the other becomes more concerned about her hair and sexual excitement with a co-worker. She treats Buddy like a used car: I want to find that boy and salvage him, Vicki Koob explained to Officer Bracket as they walked into the house. Look at his family life the old man crazy as a bedbug, the mother intoxicated somewhere. (American Horse 201) [Notice how she assumes that she can salvage him or that he needs salvaging. She just assumes that she can embrace and hold him and it will be better than the embrace of his mother.] Not one thing escaped Vicki Koobs trained and cataloguing gaze. (Indian Horse 202) Vicki, in her focus on details, misses the family productivity seen in quilts made from salvaged wool coats. She sees only the television sets in various states of repair, and the minimal food in the refrigerator. Never reacting with the compassion of a woman nor a mother, her perception has limited vision. Harmony vacillates in his identity as Indian and member of the white mans world as peace officer. Harmony cannot achieve his own name. Nor is it to be expected that the identity eventually achieved will be associated with  any recognizable single culture. (Caws 372) As a tribal officer who could be counted on to help out the State Patrol, Harmony thought he always had to explain about Indians or get twice as tough to show he did not favor them. (Indian Horse 199) With the battle lines set, Uncle Lawrence comes eye to eye with Miss Koob. The eye bulged impossibly wider in outrage when he saw the police car. But the eyes of the two officers and Miss Vicki Koob were wide open too. (Indian Horse 199) Lawrences vision extends beyond all of them. He must appear crazy to survive even though he knows they will take him away. Erdrich inserts a bit of comic relief and develops Lawrence as a trickster. Its impossible to write about Native life without humor thats how people maintain sanity. (Bacon) Uncle Lawrence wore a thick white corset laced up the front with a striped sneakers lace. His glass eye and his set of dentures were still out for the night so his face puckered here and there, around its absences and scars, like a damaged but fierce little cake. (Indian Horse 199) In the final conflict between Albertine and Harmony, he shows a dreamy little smile of welcome. Albertine appeals to ancestral wisdom, her fathers power and grace: [her father] American horse took the butterfly, a black and yellow one, and rubbed it on Albertines collar bone and chest and arms until the color and powder of it were blinded into her skin. For grace, he said. (204) She removes her belt to defend herself, swinging the turquoise butterfly that  protects from negative energy. A Native American symbol of power, it represents life itself. A personal fetish was usually a crude representation of an object seen in a dream, either by the wearer or by someone who transferred it to him, together with the powers or benefits accruing from the dream (Callahan). She flings her final vestiges of power: Her fathers hand was on her chest and shoulders lightening her wonderfully. Then on wings of her fathers hands, on dead butterfly wings, Albertine lifted into the air and flew toward the others. (American Horse 205) Albertine expects to be shot but Harmony only hits her on the head and leaves her behind. To him she is trouble and not worth taking. The last paragraph sets the scene for the helpless Native American, forced to assimilate into the dominant white culture. Albertine is knocked out on the ground. Miss Koob gives Buddy a candy bar while he rides in the back seat of the police car. Then Buddy reflects: There was no blood on Albertine, but Buddy tasted blood now at the sight of her, for he bit down hard and cut his own lip. He ate the chocolate, every bit of it, tasting his mothers blood. And when he had the chocolate down inside him and all licked off his hands, he opened his mouth to say thank you to the women, as his mother had taught him. But instead of a thank you coming out he was astonished to hear a great rattling scream, and them another, rip out of him like pieces of his own body and whirl onto the sharp things all around him. (American Horse 206) Does Buddy taste the blood of his fallen ancestors from years of domination? Will Albertine rise again to find him? Erdrich leaves the final judgments to the reader in the hopes the story does not play out as it always has before. [Use hanging indents for the Works Cited page see example below] Works Cited Bacon, Katie, An Emissary of the Between World. A Conversation with Louise Erdrich, Atlantic Unbound, January 17, 2001www.theatlantic.com/cgibin/send.cgi?page+http%3A/ . Callahan, Kevin, An Introduction to Ojibway Culture and History http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/5579/ojibwa.html. Caws, Peter. Identity: Cultural, Transcultural and Multicultural. Multiculturalism. A Critical Reader. David Theo Goldberg,Ed. Malden, Massachusetts:Blackwell Publishers. 1994 371-386. Childrearing. Encyclopedia of North American Indians http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/naind/html/na_007000_childrearing.htm. Erdrich, Louise. American Horse. Stories from the Promised Land A multicultural anthology of American fiction, Eds. Wesley Brown and Amy Ling. New York: Persea Books, 1991. 196-296. Erdrich, Louise. The Bingo Palace. New York: HarperCollins, 1994. Giles, James R. and Wanda (ed). The Dictionary of Literary Biography. Detroit: Gale Research, Incorporated, 1995. Habich, John. Louise Erdrich: 2001 Artist of the Year Star Tribune December 30, 2001. About Louise Erdrich. http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/a_f/erdrich/about.htm. Huey, Michael, Two Native American Voices: Interview with Louise Erdrich and Michael Dorris. Christian Science Monitor, March 02, 1989. http://www.csmonitor.com/cgi-bin/getasciiarchive?tape/89/ulouise. Owens, Louis. Other Destinies: Understanding the American Indian Novel. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1992. Spillman, Robert. The Creative Instinct. The Salon Interview. (9 July 1997). Wiget, Andrew. Identity, Voice, and Authority: Artist-Audience Relations in Native American Literature. World Literature Today. Volume: 66. Issue: 2.1992, 258.

A Feminist Perspective of The Good Mother :: Feminism Feminist Women Criticism

A Feminist Perspective of The Good Mother   The Good Mother is carefully structured to make the reader identify strongly with the narrator Anna. The story begins with a close look at the intensely loving relationship between Anna and her daughter. We then learn some of Anna's family history and personal background which prepares us for the stark contrast made by her relationship with Leo. Though there are hints, as Anna relates her story, that Leo is now a part of her past, the reasons and details are withheld from the reader so that we feel as shocked as Anna by the phone call from her ex-husband, saying that he is going to fight for custody of Molly and why. The suspense during the court battle is sustained by the terse descriptions which focus on the facts of the events and the words spoken during the interviews and trial. Because of this reserve, although, like Anna, we fear that she will lose Molly, we are still stunned by the verdict and empathize with her feelings of loss, helplessness, and rage. I think the book is very well written and moving. But I am left wondering why Miller wrote this involving book with such a bittersweet ending, one that's much more sad than sweet. Did she simply want to depress us or to give us a portrait of someone we should feel sorry for? There's not much point in that, of course, so I doubt it. Was the book intended as some sort of moral lesson? The narrator clearly relates her own behavior to her past and her family, but I don't think Anna can be read as either a total victim or as a person who is fully to blame for her own fate as a result of having always made completely informed choices; she was certainly not making informed choices as a child or adolescent. Nor do I think we are supposed to fully blame Anna's family for her behavior; Anna herself says that she "had misread all the signals" (p. 129) from her mother's overwhelming family. Maybe Miller's intent was to make the reader ponder the reasons for a person feeling the way that Anna feels about herself. Why is she so full of guilt and shame and self-hatred? Like Ursula who asks Anna why she didn't fight harder to keep her daughter and Leo, I wonder why Anna responds the way that she does to events throughout her life. A Feminist Perspective of The Good Mother :: Feminism Feminist Women Criticism A Feminist Perspective of The Good Mother   The Good Mother is carefully structured to make the reader identify strongly with the narrator Anna. The story begins with a close look at the intensely loving relationship between Anna and her daughter. We then learn some of Anna's family history and personal background which prepares us for the stark contrast made by her relationship with Leo. Though there are hints, as Anna relates her story, that Leo is now a part of her past, the reasons and details are withheld from the reader so that we feel as shocked as Anna by the phone call from her ex-husband, saying that he is going to fight for custody of Molly and why. The suspense during the court battle is sustained by the terse descriptions which focus on the facts of the events and the words spoken during the interviews and trial. Because of this reserve, although, like Anna, we fear that she will lose Molly, we are still stunned by the verdict and empathize with her feelings of loss, helplessness, and rage. I think the book is very well written and moving. But I am left wondering why Miller wrote this involving book with such a bittersweet ending, one that's much more sad than sweet. Did she simply want to depress us or to give us a portrait of someone we should feel sorry for? There's not much point in that, of course, so I doubt it. Was the book intended as some sort of moral lesson? The narrator clearly relates her own behavior to her past and her family, but I don't think Anna can be read as either a total victim or as a person who is fully to blame for her own fate as a result of having always made completely informed choices; she was certainly not making informed choices as a child or adolescent. Nor do I think we are supposed to fully blame Anna's family for her behavior; Anna herself says that she "had misread all the signals" (p. 129) from her mother's overwhelming family. Maybe Miller's intent was to make the reader ponder the reasons for a person feeling the way that Anna feels about herself. Why is she so full of guilt and shame and self-hatred? Like Ursula who asks Anna why she didn't fight harder to keep her daughter and Leo, I wonder why Anna responds the way that she does to events throughout her life.

COLD War and the Arms Race Essays -- Essays Papers

COLD War and the Arms Race When President Truman authorized the use of two nuclear weapons in 1945 against the Japanese in the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki to end World War II, the nature of international security was changed irreversibly. At that time, the United States had what was said to have a monopoly of atomic bombs. Soon thereafter, the Soviet Union began working on atomic weaponry. In 1949, it had already detonated it first atomic bomb and tensions began to heat up between the two countries. With the information that the Soviets had tested their first bomb, the United States began work on more powerful weapons1, and a fight for nuclear superiority had begun. In the 1950’s, the United States "announced a policy of massive retaliation - a doctrine whereby the United States might respond with nuclear weapons to any Soviet challenge anywhere in the world," (Weapons and Arms Control) Despite America's doctrine and huge lead in the arms race, it achieved little success and did not threaten or suppress the Soviets from continuing to create nuclear weapons. After the Korean War, it was believed that the United States’ nuclear build-up had played a key role in achieving armistice. At this time, early in President Eisenhower's term in office, he had announced his policy of nuclear superiority. During this time period of nuclear build up, the Soviet Union began to find ways to overcome deficiencies in their strategic technologies2. Not soon after Eisenhower made his policy known, Russia became the first country to successfully test ICBMs, or Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles. These tactical nuclear weapons are land based rocket propelled vehicles capable of intercontinental range in excess of 4000 nautical miles.... ... (US), Inc., 1991. Weiler, Lawrence D. The Arms Race, Secret Negotiations and the Congress, Iowa: The Stanley Foundation, 1976. Glynn, Patrick. Closing Pandora's Box "Arms Races, Arms Control, and the History of the Cold War". New York: HarperCollinsPublishers, Inc. 1992. "Russian Officials Say They Couldn't Keep Up with SDI." Funet Russian Archive. < http://www.funet.fi/pub/culture/russian/politics/sdi.russian.officials> "Cold War Hot Links." David Price's Home Page. <http://www.stmartin.edu/~dprice/cold.war.html> (4 May 1998). "Salt II Treaty." ACDA Government Treaties. <http://www.acda.gov/treaties/salt2-1.htm> McKean, Colonel Joel M. Salt Two Ratification Issues. Washington D.C.: National Security Affairs, 1978. "Bipartisan support for START II." Council For a Livable World. <http://www.clark.net/pub/clw/clw/startqu.html>

Edgar Allan Poe’s “A Dream within a Dream”

Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"A Dream within a Dream† (1849) is a poem dramatizing the losses of a man, and his reflection if his life is real or unreal. The narrator is reflecting about the elusiveness of things and people he value, since they all seem to disappear. The poem questions if reality is fantasy, thus the title, â€Å"A Dream within a Dream†. Since this was published in the year of Poe’s death, some assume that the narrator is talking about the death of his loved ones, and the troubles in his life.The poem begins with an image of parting and addresses a specific person. This person is only mentioned in the first stanza; the second stanza does not mention any person at all. Others interpret this person as abstract, meaning that the narrator talks to life or love personified, or any abstract idea, and not a real person. The narrator, talking to this person, ponders whether his â€Å"days have been a dream† (5), and speaks of losing hope. He sees his life as if he is trapped, as shown in the lines, â€Å"All that we see or seem/Is but a dream within a dream† (10-11).But first, to define the word â€Å"dream† is relevant in understanding this poem. A dream can either be images, ideas or sensations while sleeping, an aspiration or ambition, or an illusion or trance. Upon reading the poem, there is no question that the definition of the word â€Å"dream† in the poem is the last one given above, an illusion, but not necessarily a beautiful or happy illusion. There is no mention of sleeping or daydreaming, so then it is safe to assume that â€Å"dream† meant an illusion.One of Edgar Allan Poe’s well-known poems, the poem uses rhyme and meter, but it has inconsistent rhythm. Repetition is also used to emphasize the feeling of sadness and frustration, as in the fifth, eleventh, and twenty-fourth lines. These poetic elements and romantic characteristics such as the dramatization found in the lines , â€Å"O God! Can I not grasp/Them with a tighter clasp?† (19-20) and the use of simple but powerful images, make this poem compelling when read aloud.The images, especially in the second stanza, are striking and memorable. The lines, â€Å"And I hold within my hand/Grains of the golden sand/How few! Yet how they creep/Through my fingers to the deep,/While I weep— while I weep!† (14-18) might be alluding to either time or material wealth. The â€Å"grains of the golden sand† (15) is said to have been referencing to the gold found in California in 1848 (Silverman 402).This image of grains slowly trickling down evokes a feeling of frustration over the elusiveness of things that the narrator values, and that might or might not include money and personal possessions. Time could also be an allusion due to the fact that Poe had lost his loved ones in the past. The narrator might be saying indirectly that he is already feeling his death nearing.The last six lin es of the poem express the desperation to â€Å"grasp† and â€Å"save† (19, 22) the things he value. There is also a feeling of helplessness as the narrator watches the grains creeping through his fingers, and he cries, as shown in the line, â€Å"While I weep— while I weep!† (18)However, in the end he seems to question, not to state that he is in â€Å"a dream within a dream† (24). Unlike the ending line of the first stanza in which the line is written as a statement as though the narrator really believes that his life is all a dream, the last line of the poem is written as though the narrator is in doubt, or perhaps there is a little bit of hope in him.Some say that Poe wrote this poem after the death of his wife from tuberculosis, and that the person that the narrator is talking to in the poem is a woman. But that might not be, because this was published long after his wife’s death, unless he did write the poem from way back. Whether or n ot Poe wrote this because of his troubles or his depression is not certain.What is certain is that the poem tells of a person’s thoughts about what is real and unreal. Losing all the things he values makes him think, out of sadness, and perhaps, denial, that his life is just â€Å"a dream within a dream†.Works CitedPoe, Edgar Allan. Poetry and Tales. Ed. Patrick F. Quinn. New York: Library of America, 1984.Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance. New York: Harper Perennial, 1991.Sova, Dawn B. Edgar Allan Poe: A to Z. New York: Checkmark Books, 2001.   

SUICIDLE essays

SUICIDLE essays Teens Suicides in the United States Suicide is a serious problem in today's society. It is the 3rd leading cause of death among humans between the ages of 15-25 years old in the United States. It is the 6th leading cause of death among children 5-14 years of age. Every day more and more people are taking their own lives. The problem of suicide occurs all over the world. Statistics show that in the United States alone, 13 teens out of 100,000 take their own life (Teen Suicide, an epidemic). Suicide has become a major problem among youths in the countries. As often stated, depression is the factor of suicidal adolescents. The more depressed a person to be, and the more closely this person approximates the condition of major depression, the more likely they are to be suicidal. Depression in its milder forms, however, is quite commonly seen in adolescents. Many teenagers are faced with much adversity that they sometimes find very difficult to handle. Unfortunately, there are some teens who find that suicide is the answer to their problems. Depression can be a result of many different things. Like the death of a loved one, separation from a loved one, loss of a familiar way of being, loss of self esteem, or failure in achieving certain goals. It is said to be a psychopathic disorder, which is not uncommon, and is very serious when not dealt with as soon as possible. I think that the best solution for the problem is not to solve the reason why adolescent commit suicide but to increase the awareness of the teenagers. Get to them before they fall victim to suicide. So let us proceed in dealing with the vast teen suicide problem by first recognizing their symptoms for suicide, then talk about it with them, and finally by providing treatment for them. There are about seven general warning signs that reflect where trouble may be beginning in suicidal victims. The first one is depression. They may be depressed about getting ...

Curare essays

Curare essays 1. Woowara also known as curare is a white powder substance deriving from Surinam. Curare is an extremely lethal poison even in the smallest of quantities. Curare was used by the natives of Surinam to induce slow deaths those that wronged them in times before. This poison was used in a traditional sense, not only was it effective at terminating life, but a message of sincerity was sent. To drink with a person that had no reason to suspect there dosage then slip them the lethal drug. Just as they felt safe was all the sweeter revenge. Coincidentally enough Silas Deane died from some kind of poison. Also as queer Edward Bancroft was an expert on poisons and their symbolic meanings as shown by his studies and book of Guiana. 2. Captain John Smith was a writer that published his first book in 1624. Captain Smiths first book was called A generall historie of Virginia. Captain Smith wrote this book from first hand, eyewitness accounts. Smith did a lot of traveling when he signed on with the Virginia Company of London. As a writer Captain Smith wrote in great detail points out and expanding on sometimes non-important facts. The view smith wrote from came mainly from his state of mind, while the event was going on, this influenced his writing style greatly since his approach to describing events had not been used before. People had a problem understanding it. Early English settlers, despite all their differences, have one thing in common with todays Americans, they are skeptical of change. Like wise with captain Smiths writing style. This different causes people to ask about the legitimacy of his claims. Smith had a remarkable fast paced life. He started out as a soldier in center Europe. After being took prisoner, where he normally would have spent the rest of his life, he managed to escape with the help of a Greek princess. This is an example of the kind of stories captain smith wrote about....

How to Improve Your SAT Score by 100 Points in a Month

How to Improve Your SAT Score by 100 Points in a Month SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Preparing for the SAT a second or third time is common. Back when I studied for the SAT, the first couple of strategies and study approaches I tried didn't actually work. It took me a few times before I finally foundthe method that bumped up my SAT score 200 points- toa perfect score. If you'reretaking the SATand want to ensure you improve this time around, this guide will show you how to do just that! Who Is This SAT Guide For? "How can I improve my SAT score in just a month?" This is a common question I get from students. Roughly paraphrased, it looks like this: Hey, Fred! I'm John, and I've gotten scores of 600 in both Math and Evidence-Based Reading and Writing. I've taken the SAT a couple of times already, and I need to improve by just 100 points the next time I take it for a total of around 1300. I've tried other test-prep companies and racked my brain for ways to improve my SAT score. I've memorized vocab and taken practice tests. This isn't my first try at the SAT by far. Do I have any hope of raising my score by this many points?This will be my third time taking the SAT, and I don't want to take it again after this! Please help! This request for help raises an important question:who exactly is this SAT guide for?If, like John, you're studying for the SAT a second or third time and your Math and EBRW scores are currently around average (400-600), this guide should work well for you. Now that we've clarified who this guide is for, let's look at the six crucial steps you'll need to take to raise your SAT score by 100 points in one month. Step 1: Improve Your Math Score For the SAT Math section, you'll need to prioritize your time so that you're spending less time on questions you know how to solve and more on those that are hard for you. At your score level, I'd do what I call the "two-pass" method on both the No Calculator and Calculator sections. First, let's look at the basics of the Math No Calculator and Calculator sections: Section Total # of Questions Total Time Time per Question Math No Calculator 20 (15 multiple choice, 5 grid-ins) 25 minutes 75 seconds Math Calculator 38 (30 multiple choice, 8 grid-ins) 55 minutes 87 seconds As you can see, you'll get more questions, more total time, and more time per question on the Math Calculator section than you will on the Math No Calculator section. Now, let's look at how to use the two-pass method on each of the Math sections. Math No Calculator Section: Two-Pass Strategy On your first pass through the No Calculator section, do only the questions you know how to approach within about five seconds of reading them.You don't need to solve each question in five seconds, but you do need to know exactly what solving each question entails. If you know how to approach a question, try to solve it within 55 seconds. On the other hand, if you can't find a solution approach within five seconds, skip that question for now! By the time you finish your first pass, you should have tried about 10-15 problems and spent 10-15 minutes in total on the section. This gives you 10-15 minutes left to attack the rest of the section. Now, it's time for round two: reread all the problems you didn't solve. Because you've already looked at each of them for five seconds, you should have an idea of which ones are easier and which ones are harder. Do these questions in order of your personal difficulty. Once you only have about a minute left in the section, go through your scoring sheet and confirm that you've filled in an answer for each No Calculator question. Remember that it's OK to guess on a few since there's no penalty for incorrect answers! Math Calculator Section: Two-Pass Strategy With the Calculator section, do only the questions you know how to approachwithin about 10 seconds of reading them.Like the No Calculator section, you don't need to solve each of them within 10 seconds, but you should recognizehow to solve them right away. If you know how to approach a problem, try to solve it within 60 seconds. If, however, you can't figure out how to solve it within 10 seconds of reading it, skip it for now. Once you've finished your first pass, you should have attempted about 25-30 questions and spent about 30-35 minutes on the section. This means you'll have about 20-25 minutes left. Next, for round two, use your remaining time to go back through all the questions you didn't solve on your first pass. Since you've already looked at each question for 10 seconds, you should be able to identify which ones are easier and which ones are harder for you. Do these questions in order of your personal difficulty. When you have about a minute left in the section, check that you've put down an answer for every question. Again, there's no penalty for incorrect answers on the SAT, so it's recommended you fill in something, even if you have to guess! Step 2: Improve Your Reading Score Some say your SAT Reading score is the hardest to improve, and in some ways it is. You've got to read lengthy passages and be able to identify where you've found answers to certain questions. By far the easiest way to improve your Reading score is to practice an effective passage-reading strategy.Our recommended strategy involves the following steps: Quickly read the questions first, identifying the types of questions being asked. Read the information blurb at the beginning of the passage. Read/skim the passage, paying attention to the last line of the introductory paragraph (i.e., the thesis) and opening sentences in body paragraphs and the conclusion. Answer the questions. You should also practice our #1 tip, which is to always look for the 100% unambiguously correct answer choice.Essentially, this is the same thing as the process of elimination. Even though many answer choices can sound right, only one will completely and accurately answer the question. Knowing this fact will help you be better able to pinpoint which choices are clearly wrong. Step 3: Improve Your Writing and Language Score Besides knowing all major SAT grammar rules, remember this key tip: don't just use your ear! So many students try to detect grammar mistakes relying only on how sentences sound. While this strategy might work for the easiest problems, the only way to ultimately master SAT Writing and Languageis to understand grammar on an analytical level. What does knowing grammar analytically mean, though? It's not only knowing grammar rules but alsobeing able to cite which rule is being broken.If you can identify what rule is being broken, you'll know exactly how to fix the sentence so that the rule is not being broken. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! Step 4: Record Your Weaknesses Now that you've shored up your baseline skills for each section, it's time to study in a way that attacks your unique issues with the SAT. Here's how to do this: take two official SAT practice tests. As you take them, circle all the problems you're not sure of, regardless of whether you get them right or not. At the end of the tests, copy the problems you circled into a mistakes journal. Some of the best tutors I know recommend making three mistakes journals, one for each section of the test. They also recommend- for students with more time- taking more than two practice tests for these mistakes journals. After all, the more data, the better! Step 5: Identify Your Weaknesses With all your mistakes written down, start tagging them with keywords.Examples of keywords include the following: Vocab issue Careless mistake Ran out of time Didn't understand author's intent Each question in your mistakes journal should now be tagged with one or more keywords explaining why you think you got it wrong. Next,tally up these reasons tocreate a list showing the number of problems you missed for each reason. Here's an example of what your list might look like: Vocab issue: 4 questions Careless mistake: questions Ran out of time: 13 questions Didn't understand author's intent: 8 questions And so on. Step 6: Fix Your Weaknesses For each weakness, come up with a method to fix it.For example, if you missed a few vocabulary questions on the Reading and Writing sections, you might want to study more words. For authorial intent, you could practice by reading short passages and thinking in the author's shoes. After going through the first few items on your list, your score should now be much higher! This method of journaling and analyzing your weaknesses works wonders.It helped me improve my own SAT score by 200 points! The best part of this method is that it's scientific: itworks by targeting your weakest issues first to ensure that your overall SAT score improves by a lot- ideally, 100 points- in the month you've got left before test day! What's Next? Want a system that automatically does the tallying for you? Then check out our online SAT prep program.We use advanced computer analysis to figure out your weaknesses and help you target them effectively in your prep. Not sure what SAT score you need to be aiming for?Read our in-depth article on how to set an SAT goal score based on the colleges you're applying to. For more SAT help, take a look at ourour expert guide to improving your SAT score,and try out our month-long SAT study plan.

Financial performance of Intercontinental Hotels Group Plc 2009-2010 Essay

Financial performance of Intercontinental Hotels Group Plc 2009-2010 - Essay Example This can be attributed to the reduction in the cost of goods sold for the organization from 2009 to 2010. Profit margin of a company can be defined as the ratio of net profit to net sales. The margin for IHG was 18% in the year 2010. The same margin in 2009 was 13.91%. There is a considerable increase in the profit margin of the hotel. This can be attributed to the lowering of costs from 2009 to 2010. The net profit that we have considered here is including the exceptional items. If we exclude the exceptional items, we find that the ratio has decreased from 19.12% in 2009 to 17.44% in 2010. This is because the existence of high net profit margin excluding exceptional items in 2009 as compared to 2010. The value of this ratio for year 2009 and 2010 is 7.40% and 10.55% respectively. We see that there is a slight increase in the net profit from year 2009 to 2010. At the same time, total assets have come down. Therefore, there is a slight increment in the return on assets. While return on assets measure the amount of net income generated for each unit of assets, return on investment measures the amount of income generated from each unit of owners’ equity. Return on equity can be calculated by dividing the net profit by total equity. The return on equity for IHG has decreased from 2009 (137.18%) to 2010 (100.69%). This is because there is a significant increment in the total equity of the organization. The margin has increased considerably from 2009 (-0.65%) to 2010 (28.19%). In 2009, the company had high cost of goods sold and high impairment costs that resulted in the lowering of the operating profit. Hence the company had a negative operative margin in the year 2009. The high costs can be attributed to the global economic slowdown. This ratio is an indication of the financial leverage of a company. While total liabilities represented 17.54% of the total equity in 2009, it was only 8.54% of the total equity in the

Transfer of Training and Evaluation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Transfer of Training and Evaluation - Assignment Example s after the training, two instruments that will be use include tests to measure the learning objectives or cognitive, and well as observation to measure the trainees demonstrate the skills acquired from the training. Test questions will be issued to the trainees about the steps and procedures that are used in collecting and analyzing the evidence from finger prints. This will assess whether the trainees have understood the principles and facts or not. The training will then be provided with practical tests to carry out whatever they have been trained on, practically. Observation will be used in assessing the trainees in order to gauge whether the correct steps and procedures are followed. The trainees were then provided with the required materials to carry out the fingerprints capturing procedure step by step. Observation was used to assess the learning outcomes. Many of the trainees were able to demonstrate the learning outcomes of this training. However, few were observed to miss on one point here and there, but on average, they all did well. The pretest assessment is used to assess the trainees’ level of understanding of particular training before it is carried out and after, so that one can be sure that the training objectives are met. Observation as a level three instrument was used to assess the trainees and gauge whether they did or did not understand the training facts and

The impact of changes in political leadership on the foreign policies Essay

The impact of changes in political leadership on the foreign policies of the People's Republic of China - Essay Example This study will begin with the statement that China is one of the most rapidly developing countries in the world. Many people believe that China may become a superpower in near future itself and the supremacy of America in global political and economic matters will be ended shortly. Even though communism is prevailing in China for the last few decades, it doesn’t mean that China’s internal and external policies undergone no changes. Some of the communist leaders in the past were adamant in implementing communist policies whereas modern political leaderships seems to be adopting more liberal approaches in implementing communist policies in China. Deng Xiao Ping is considered as the father of modern China. Even though Mao was one of the most charismatic leaders of China, his economic and political policies were strictly in line with communist principles. He never tried to dilute communist principles even for the betterment of China. However, the leadership followed by Mao was not so, especially Deng Xiao Ping. Deng succeeded in putting strong bases to China’s economic growth without sacrificing many of the communist principles. The leaders succeeded by Deng were also followed the same path of Deng and currently China is one of the most prosperous countries in the world. Interpreting China’s foreign policy is an important key to understand the tides of global affairs in 1990’s, not only because China, with the world’s largest population wields demographic and economic clouts, but also it arguably the most dynamic country in the second half of twentieth century. (Zhao, 1996, p.4). As a key player in global economic and political spectrum at present, China’s foreign policies are studied with curiosity by political analysts. This paper analyses the impact of changes in political leadership on the foreign policies of the People's Republic of China. Political leadership and China’s foreign policies Sun Yat Sen era Sun Yat Sen is often referred as the father of China. He assumed power immediately after the destruction of Qing dynasty, but forced to resign in 1912 because of his differences with the Nationalist party and the government. But he was successful assuming power again in 1923. He was a visionary leader who worked hard for China’s economic progress. â€Å"Sun summarized his policies in the Three Principles of the People--nationalism, democracy, and socialism† (Chinese Cultural Studies). He was a great admirer of Soviet Union and was keen in keeping stronger ties with Soviet Union. He tried hard to implant a Soviet model of economic growth in China. He was a liberal leader and was not much adamant in implementing communist principles. In fact he had respect towards democracy. After the death of Sun Yat Sen in 1925, Chiang Kai Shek assumed power and continued the good work of Sun Yat Sen. Chiang Kai Shek Era Chiang Kai Shek was the leader of China till the Chinese Cultura l Revolution in 1949.he was successful in keeping China away from the two World Wars. He was keen in keeping good relations with Western countries such as America and Britain. He was a strong critic of communism and did everything possible to avoid the growth of communism in Chinese soil. However, October revolution in 1949, forced Chiang Kai Shek to accept defeat and hand over the power to communist leader Mao Zedong. Mao era Even though, Mao was responsible for the Cultural Revolution in China, his contributions to China’s economic progress were limited. He was a leader who strictly followed communist principles in all internal and external matters. â€Å"Mao followed an aggressive foreign policy towards China’s neighboring countries† (Hongyi, 2010, p.17). It should be noted that China attacked India during Mao era. At sunrise on October 20, 1962, China's People's Liberation Army invaded India with overwhelming force on two separate flanks - in the west in Lad akh, and in the east across the McMahon Line in the then North-East Frontier Agency. The

Business Communication Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Communication - Term Paper Example In fact my personal life has become developed and my personality has grown as a result of the same (Markus 2005). My daily work activities are now managed in a much better way than these used to be in the past. I have come to know exactly how to speak to a set of audience and in what attire I should be donned in when I am giving a presentation or influencing a set of audience. The business communication ranks have helped me immensely within my grooming domains and given me a chance to explore my truest basis with the passage of time. It has made me feel that I am a valuable member of the business clan and that my work realms are very significant towards the business undertakings in the time and age of today. The trends that I have seen in my current workplace domains have been slightly different from what these used to be in my former workplaces. I have understood that within these quarters I have been able to see things through within the ranks of business communication which was no t the case in the past. I have been able to manage myself in accordance with the growing business communication trends which have to be understood by people like me so that we can grow and develop with the passage of time. ... ave seen people adapt to formal routines and procedures more than the informal methodologies which were adapted within the previous workplaces where I was employed. Now I am better able to acquaint myself with the changing business communication dynamics more than these used to be coherent within my previous workplace domains (Eckhouse 1999). Hence I feel that now I am at a better place than where I used to be in the past. It gives me a vital point of advantage over the other employees who are in the process of coming to ranks with the changing business communication regimes. The message types that result from such business communication trends which have been emerging of late include the fact that only those individuals make it to the top who believe in the power of business communication and employ it to their best advantage. They perceive business communication would be of success towards their own domains and would help them grow and develop their own selves in an amicable and tr uly fulfilling way. This shall make them stand out from the crowd and make their positions apparent within the formal mix of things as far as the organizational regimes are concerned. More than anything else, the message types that are coming to the fore include the likes of establishing new trends that are wholly based on the patterns of allowing nearly everyone to be a part of the formal business communication quarters and thus giving them a chance to manifest their truest selves through hard work, commitment and a sense of being loyal towards their own skills and abilities. All said and done, I believe that any organization would dearly require that its employees believe in the premise of business communication and give their best so that not only their own growth and development regimes

The Russo-Japanese War. Japans Coming of Age Essay

The Russo-Japanese War. Japans Coming of Age - Essay Example attle hours before the formal declaration of war was delivered; Japan developed a tactic that was to become her hall mark years later (the "sneak attack.")4 Technically not a violation, because of the ultimatum, Japan mastered this diplomatic concealment tactic along with the same concealment tactic on the battlefield. The Battle of Mukden, in Manchuria saw the first uses of suppressive fire to help a "pincer" flanking movement encircle an enemy. A highly successful military tactic that has been widely used in numerous battles from WWII, to Generals Gaip's surrounding of the French at Dien Binh Phu, Vietnam. Even modern day generals, like American General H. Norman Schwarzkopf, used this tactic in Desert Storm I - "Hail Mary."5 The significance of these tactics are important only became they directly influenced the eventual outcome of the war. Of course the butchery associated with the battles and the willingness of the Japanese soldier to sacrifice his life in battle, has also led to scars on the Japanese people that will long stand in the minds of historians. The actual outcome of the war was not as significant as the perception the world had on that outcome. The statistics (Imperial Russia, Strength 500,000, Casualties 25,331 Killed 146,032 Wounded; Empire of Japan, Strength 400,000, Casualties 47,387 Killed 173,425 Wounded6) are skewed by the summary affects the perception had on Russia and Japan. From a statistical point, all must conclude that Japan lost and Russia won this war. Japan had 87% more fatalities than Russia and 29% more total casualties. From a body count Japan should surely have been considered the looser; however, that count alone does not signify the outcome. Most major battles were won by the Japanese (even though they may have had... Both powers, Russia and Japan, desired to increase their â€Å"sphere of influence† within the Asian continent, mainly at the expense of China. Japan had been forced to open its doors to Western influence by America in 1854 and the 250-year rule of the Shoguns was brought to a close by Emperor Mutsuhito (Meiji - enlightened rule - 1868-1912.) Feudal systems were abolished and western attitudes on trade were introduced and embraced. Japan desired to become a global leader like the European nations of that time. Russia, on the other hand, believed they had the strongest military in the world. It was recognized by other European nations that Russia was an established world power, with all the rights and privileges that afforded. Appearing as a world power, Russia had internal turmoil that was secretly plotting the loss to Japan in Asia that was to follow. The loss of the Russian Fleet and territories was not received well in Russia. With the loss of Russian prestige in the war th e esteem of the monarchy was also lost. The country’s coffers were drained by the cost of the expensive Trans Siberian Railroad project ending with this costly war. Japan on the other hand was seen as a victor. The nation was upset with many of the terms of the Treaty of Portsmouth but the world saw the Japanese as a growing power. More importantly the Asian countries noticed that another Asian country could defeat a large European nation. For Japan the territorial land grab was just starting. Each of Japan’s subsequent action fortified her belief in Japanese superiority and Asian Influence Rights led by Japan. This belief would culminate with the creation of the Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere and ultimately be challenged 36 years later.

Business Communication Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Communication - Term Paper Example In fact my personal life has become developed and my personality has grown as a result of the same (Markus 2005). My daily work activities are now managed in a much better way than these used to be in the past. I have come to know exactly how to speak to a set of audience and in what attire I should be donned in when I am giving a presentation or influencing a set of audience. The business communication ranks have helped me immensely within my grooming domains and given me a chance to explore my truest basis with the passage of time. It has made me feel that I am a valuable member of the business clan and that my work realms are very significant towards the business undertakings in the time and age of today. The trends that I have seen in my current workplace domains have been slightly different from what these used to be in my former workplaces. I have understood that within these quarters I have been able to see things through within the ranks of business communication which was no t the case in the past. I have been able to manage myself in accordance with the growing business communication trends which have to be understood by people like me so that we can grow and develop with the passage of time. ... ave seen people adapt to formal routines and procedures more than the informal methodologies which were adapted within the previous workplaces where I was employed. Now I am better able to acquaint myself with the changing business communication dynamics more than these used to be coherent within my previous workplace domains (Eckhouse 1999). Hence I feel that now I am at a better place than where I used to be in the past. It gives me a vital point of advantage over the other employees who are in the process of coming to ranks with the changing business communication regimes. The message types that result from such business communication trends which have been emerging of late include the fact that only those individuals make it to the top who believe in the power of business communication and employ it to their best advantage. They perceive business communication would be of success towards their own domains and would help them grow and develop their own selves in an amicable and tr uly fulfilling way. This shall make them stand out from the crowd and make their positions apparent within the formal mix of things as far as the organizational regimes are concerned. More than anything else, the message types that are coming to the fore include the likes of establishing new trends that are wholly based on the patterns of allowing nearly everyone to be a part of the formal business communication quarters and thus giving them a chance to manifest their truest selves through hard work, commitment and a sense of being loyal towards their own skills and abilities. All said and done, I believe that any organization would dearly require that its employees believe in the premise of business communication and give their best so that not only their own growth and development regimes

Shipping Industry in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Shipping Industry in the UK - Essay Example Ninety-five per cent of Britain's external trade by weight, (77% by value) moves by water. "The World Bank estimates that seaborne trade in Britain will increase by 4% a year over the next decade, yet UK ship ownership and registration have fallen substantially over the past 30 years and there seems to be a maritime staff crisis, with a decline in the number of qualified seafarers". http://www.kmcinternational.com/about_us/sector_profile.cfmid=14 The numbers of the UK seafarers are declining at a rate which is not only hazardous to the shipping industry itself, but this in turn will also affect the many other industries which employ the trained seafarers when they come ashore. There are about 17,000 such jobs available, these jobs range from surveying to shipbuilding and from marine equipment services to insurance - for many of these jobs the experience which seafarers have is essential. The moribund sea industry would leave the maritime related economy faltering. Recently, the British government has issued new taxation laws and these laws will not only indefinitely affect the shipping businesses in the UK but also the shipping mercantile which do business with Britain. Trade and shipping have been interconnected through the ages. Initially there was a 25% capital allowance and ... It is obvious that those tax- breaks were not cost-effective. In the July of 2000, the tonnage tax was introduced into the British shipping industry. Instead of charging ships to be taxed by the profits they made, ships started to be charged by their tonnage. It was of the collective opinion that this taxation was gravely needed by this particular industry to reverse the downward trend it was facing for the past 25 years. There were many suggestions to overturn this development but none actually came through. Then the head of Department of Environment, Transport and the Regions is a former seafarer by the name of John Prescott, who founded the Shipping Working Group. This group was supposed to help design a taxation policy in accordance with employers and unions - the Chamber with officers and ratings and the Government. They started working together on the campaign to reverse the decline and when everyone joined forces they managed to achieve speedy progress. In the March of 1998 the group reported to the Secretary of State and in December of 1998 John Prescott introduced what is known as "British Shipping: - charting a new course". http://www.british-shipping.org/british/delivering.htm The problem with the White Paper however was that there was no mention and no didn't have any solutions to the financial and economical problems of the British shipping industry - the industry couldn't compete with other nations, such as Norway, Germany, Greece and the Netherlands, who already had such policies in place. It merely suggested that the tonnage based tax system be reviewed. It was up to the Treasury and the Chancellor of the Exchequer to step up and solve the dilemma. In the March of 1999, in

Internal QMS auditor training assessment booklet Essay Example for Free

Internal QMS auditor training assessment booklet Essay Case Study 1: Pre-Audit Preparation Instructions: 1. Each participant should individually study the background of the company including the background of organisation, organisation chart and process flow chart provided: †¢ Managing Customer Service: Front Office VVG-FO-B-7.5.1 (D) †¢ Managing Customer Service: Food and Beverage VVG-FB-B-7.5.1 (D) †¢ Managing Property: Engineering VVG-EN-B-7.5.1 (D) †¢ Delivery Service: Housekeeping VVG-HK-B-7.5.1 (D) 2. Prepare an audit plan for an internal audit of one business process but not your own work (use template of audit plan provided in Case Study 1: Output 1 or current Internal Audit Program). State any assumptions that you have made in preparing the audit plan. The plan should: †¢ Define the scope of the audit; †¢ What to audit (documents, records, activities); †¢ Who to select for interview and reason for selection; †¢ Where and when to audit (locations, audit trails, sequences, estimated time required); †¢ Methods for gathering objective evidence (interview, observation, document / record review). 3. Prepare an audit checklist with suitable questions to guide you in verifying the conformance, implementation and effectiveness of the QMS at the Sales and Marketing Department (use template of audit checklist in Case Study 1: Output 2 or current Internal Audit Program) Case Study 1: Output 1Name of Participant: .. ISO 9001 Internal Audit Plan Audit Specifications | | | |Audit Objectives | | |Audit Scope | | |Audit Client | | |Audit Team | | |Audit Dates | | |Audit Locations | | |Audit Criteria | | Date: ..Day: Assessment Program / Audit Plan |Time |Area |Clause |Auditor |Auditee | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Lunch | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Date: ..Day: Assessment Program / Audit Plan |Time |Area |Clause |Auditor |Auditee | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Lunch | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Case Study 1: Output 2Name of Participant: .. Internal Audit Checklist Department: Date of Audit: . Title of Procedure / Documents: Auditor: .. Auditee: . Page(s): of . |No |Step |Internal Audit|ISO Clause | | | |Checklist | | | | |Questions | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Audit Conclusion | | Case Study 2: Output 2Name of Participant: .. For one selected non-conformity / observation: |Internal Audit Corrective and Preventive Action Report No.:.. | |To: From: | |(Auditee) (Auditor) | |Audit Criteria: ISO 9001 Clause No.: | |and / or Procedure: | |Description of Non-conformity / Observation (Part 1 by Auditor): | | | | | |Auditor’s Name / Signature: Date: | |Auditee’s Name / Signature: Date: | |(to be completed: 1 moth) | |(a) Root Cause(s) (Part 2 by Auditee): | | | | | |2. (b) Correction and Corrective / Preventive Action Plans to be taken | |Correction Plans: | | | | | |Corrective / Preventive Action Plans: | | | | | |Auditee’s Name / Signature: Date: | |Verification of Corrective / Preventive Action: | | | | | |Auditor’s Name / Signature: Date: |

Impact of Foreign Aid on Economic Development in Pakistan

Impact of Foreign Aid on Economic Development in Pakistan Impact of Foreign Aid on Economic Development in Pakistan explains that Pakistan is getting into a steady wave of debt burden. It is the International Monetary Funds in general and United States, Great Britain, Japan etc in particular which Pakistan uses as a main source of taking Debt. IMF alone has given more than 11 Billion US Dollars to Pakistan as debt. The researcher has narrowed down the wide topic into two main variables. First one being the Debt burden and other one explained as Economic growth in terms of Gross Domestic Products growth. The researcher argues that there are many reasons that make a country rely on foreign aid and debts. First reason is more of a political reason and the terms and conditions attached to the foreign aid, which in general are beneficial for the country taking it in a shorter term perspective. The other main reason is associated with the composition and the break up of external aid to loans in hard form. With the passage of time, there is a shi ft from providing grants to any Underdeveloped or friendly country to aid, which is further associated with interest payments and principal payback. The world today is facing a paradigm shift in terms of equipping someone with capital, from friendliness to enmity in the form of heavy interest re-payments. It was also concluded that there are many sides of the external debt and the way it interacts to solves the basic economic problems of a country. External aid brings positive as well as negative results in the long term aspects. Foreign aid no matter brings a positive up thrust in the Gross Domestic Product of a country in short term, as it boosts up agriculture, Informational Technology, Education, Health services etc. But in many cases the long run results are much difficult to handle. The major draw back seen of heavy external debt is the Balance of Payment Deficits. This deficit in Balance of Payments is covered by the allocated funds of the Social Sector development. The rese archer also explains about the policy matters which are the most important part in handling the external debt and its servicing. Proper and effective policies are to be made in order to retire the aid taken for better implementation of the policies, which in return will ensure the effectiveness of aid taken by the country and all the problems linked to mis utilization and mis management of the resources taken from external resources. Amakom Uzochukwu S. in his Research paper Nigeria Public Debt and Economic Growth: An Empirical Assessment of Effects on Poverty argues that there should be external debt to be raised by Under developed countries like Nigeria in Africa but there should be a limit attached to every country which should define to what extent the debt is to be raised. This limit is definitely be calculated and research watching all the financial indicators of past and futuristic look on the same indicators should also be given some weight. He also suggest that if proper weight is not given to the financial indicators of the country, it will in the end cause supplementary in-debtness of the International Monetary Funds and other sources of debt to be taken. He explains that the Public debt of Nigeria is slightly more than 75% of the total Gross Domestic Product of Nigeria. This is a very big number in absolute terms and according to the International Monetary Funds and The World Bank, Nigerian Effective debt to export ratio is also more than 200 percent with a total debt accounted for approximately 28.5 Billion US Dollars by 2002. This figure is not alone as it is also associated with the debt retirement of 3.3 Billion US Dollars in 2002 and 5.3 Billion US Dollars in 2003. The situations in Nigerian on financial aspects are much worse. There is immense poverty in the country where Gross Domestic Product growth rate is stagnant over the years, where the intake of debts from IMF and other domestic source has been shooting up randomly. Income per Capita is far-off from the total figures of debt that has been taken by the country. The researcher in his research paper has applied the crash of public debt and growth on poverty using the per capita income approach where he majorly focused on public debt the country is raising and the way it is creating more problems or solutions for alleviating poverty from the country. The end results of the research also showed the impact of loans taken from internal as well as International Monetary Funds on the economic and poverty structure of Nigeria. It was concluded that poverty in Nigeria is growth and debt elastic, as there is enormous poverty spread through out the country and the total accounted figure for debt is around 28 Billion US Dollars. There were multiple factors which were accounted fro in the case of Nigeria including population, domestic and external debt figures, employment rate, school enrolment rates, Balance of Account and terms of trade which are directly linked with the Economic growth of the country. James Njeru in his Research, The impact of foreign aid on public expenditure explains that for many of the Sub Sharan countries, taking economic aid from International Monetary Funds and The World Bank constitutes as an important participation for the sake of running economical as well as political structures of the country. In most of the African countries like Kenya, almost all the financial indicators are not in a good health. They all share relatively same narrow tax base, low on export side and large deficits in Balance of Payment Accounts. Saving of the people is also negligible since poverty head count is much on a higher side. The paper majorly focus on the response of the Kenyas Government in terms of its expenditure when experiencing massive aid cut from IMF and internal malfunctioning of public debts. The research showed that the spending outline of the government gets changed when this is an inflow of economic aid from International Monetary funds of debt is raised from internal resources. On the other hands, it was really difficult for Kenya in short term to deal with the effects of the aid freeze which were much influential in ordinary days supporting fiscal structure of the country. Fiscal measures were not capable sufficient to offset the change and started facing a downfall in no time. It was also concluded that the rise seen in the Kenyan domestic debt was always attributed to the persistent fiscal gap present in the country which caused suspension of the load payment by International Monetary Funds in 1991. This caused real problem for Kenyas economy as to overcome the fiscal deficit, the recipient country in result of getting suspended by loans has to look for many other new options, like raising the normal and corporate tax rate, increase domestic borrowing from the central bank as well as other commercial banks, having a massive cut in development and social development expenditure and printing more money which causes inflation and employ ment in the country. The mentioned problems were a major threat to the Kenyas economy, which it had face in terms of the crowding out effect in investment and added to the domestic debt. The situation got further difficult when Kenyan economy faced major expenditure cuts in governments cutting in social development sector and unemployment after having sky high inflation. Over reliance on external debt, particularly from International Monetary Funds made financial matter more critical for Kenyas economy and the effects of 90s is still faced by it. Michael Atingi-Ego in his report Budget Support, aid dependency and Dutch Disease argues that Ugandas economy is another difficult economy which has been facing sever challenges and threats in successfully running and implementing financial system of the country. It was due to the mere support of many countries on bi lateral and multi lateral country which supported Ugandas economy from crashing many times in history. Presence of International Monetary Funds in Ugandas economny is another problem since the country is not capable of abiding by the rules and regulations put by International Monetary Funds on it. It was until Financial year 1999, Support inflows to Uganda were comparatively small than the newer ones, constituting 200 Million US Dollar on annual basis. It was the help of numerous donors which in terms of grants or debt gave cushion to Ugandas economy many times and helped to decrease its fiscal and monetary deficits. Uganda is another African country where unemployment , low tax base, inflation, less saving by the public and high balance of payment accounts are seen over the time with no proper source of revenue excluding contacting International Monetary Funds for raising external assistance. For the sake of supporting budget deficits till FY 1996, loans from other countries in Uganda does the major source constitute 56%. Grants taken by donor countries also constituted to 73% moderately support the uptrend of Ugandas external debt and financial sustainability of the country. Ugandas government has also put ceiling on taking aid which can be taken in the form of loans and grants. In adding up to the upper limit and the suggested ceiling, it is always to evaluate that both domestic revenues and grants are insufficient to finance the national budget that government has skinny and less loans that are highly concessional. As a multi lateral donor, World Bank has also taking part in Ugandas fiscal deficit financing giving 225 Million US Dollars by 20 01, International Monetary Funds being 53 Million US Dollars. The research shows that Uganda is heavily laid on the mercy of budget support which is on an average more than 50 percent of its total expenditure. These measures have created inflationary and unemployment in the country which the country is trying to control on, but the over all situation is so much aid dependent, exchange rate and interest rates are out of the reach of Government to control them and bring positive financial changes in the country. Bazoumana Ouattara in his Research paper Foreign Aid, Public Savings Displacement, and Aid Dependency in Cote dIvoire explains that the economic effectiveness in any developing country is an important issue which is dependent upon the policies which are formulated in terms of raising aid from any of the external sources present in the world in the time of financial deficit. Right now, the donor countries and agencies are also inclined to issue loans to such countries which have effective and efficient economical structure, which has the muscle to return back the loan well in time with healthy interest payments. Governments workings and efforts in increasing the tax base and consuming on a lower side explains the good financial environment in any country. Public savings are another factor which has not been addressed directly which is another important concern when looking on the over all financial deficits and issuing external debt. In countries having huge public saving gaps, it i s much important to look as on the issues such are over dependency on external aid from International Monetary Funds and The World Bank, which are the most important factors if the relationship is to be gauged between taking aid and the economic growth of the country. If the public saving gap is reduced, the dependence for external debt even on the internal sources of debt will be minimum in order to finance the fiscal deficits in ant country. This brings macro economic stability and a self sustainable growth with long term dependence on external sources of Financing as International Monetary Funds. In the case of CÃ ´te dIvoire during the period of 1975 to 1999, it was observed that the wide gap of domestic saving caused another wide gap in monetary gaps in the country which are to be addressed immediately by contacting International Monetary Funds and other sources of International and Domestic sources of funding the gap. It was also concluded that aid dependence of CÃ ´te dIvo ire increased with an increase in Financial Program aids into the financial system, where as Technical Assistance grants and Food Aid Programs helped to reduce the aid dependence. Nevertheless, CÃ ´te dIvoire faced massive challenges and is still facing many financial threats which it has to face in terms of heavy interest payments as well as other imposing clauses made by the donors. Bazoumana Ouattara in his Research paper Disaggregating the Aid and Growth Relationship explains that foreign aid and debt there is a mystery which has not been solved by any Under developed country regarding its usage and encouraging economic growth in the country. Many of the researches by Papaneck any many other concluded the relationship between aid dependence on external source and growth to be open to doubts and questionable. But the recent researches by Burnside and Dollar claims that external aid is a way which can bring fiscal and monetary muscle in the economy and also helps to promote the trade policies of the country. Again the researcher argues that there are numerous bodies which are present through out the world giving loans and debts to less developed countries where they get into their trap when they have to take further money to pay back the previous one. So, there should be some policy which should elaborate some financial indicators which explains the solid financ ial policy atmosphere. In the research, it was concluded that the aid incomings into the countries which are already facing financial problems in their structure so get a positive response by the financial structure and it sponsors growth and financial augmentation but there are many other factors which are to be accounted for in order to create a healthy balance in taking loans and dealing with financial or fiscal deficits with in the country. Role of International Monetary Funds, according to the researcher, is the most important yet crucial one to discuss. They sanction aid to the less developed countries which have to stand for the monetary rules and regulations framed by IMP consultants. As a matter of fact, a country asks for monetary help since the internal situation on financial side is facing a serious ailment. Due to the new policies being compelled to that country, it always bring about further confusion and disorders in terms of inflation, unemployment, heavy debt piles , low tax generation, and most of the time its comes with massive political instability in the country, which further worsen the over all financial conditions of deficit edge. The research was mainly focused on the policy making which should be drafted with a lot of care and having a revolutionary thinking in order to eliminate the dependence of borrowed resource, interest payments with plod of principal payments and a lot of harass for the next generations of any particular country. Pakistans Economic Crisis and the IMF Bailout Package explains the significance of the International Monetary Fund that has already approved a bailout package of $7.6 Billion in order to help Pakistan avert from getting a default on its repute as far as the external debt is in question. Various meetings have been conducted in which IMF put is condationalities and imposments inorder to make a mechanism to get back the sum of many it lends to the country. Immediate pacts were agreed in providing an immediate $3.1 Billion sum to reinforce the countrys speedy weakening foreign exchange treasury. The ultimate goal of the arrangements to in ensure socio-economic firmness and re-establish investor assurance in Pakistan by looking keenly on the macro-economic unevenness and problems in the country. At the same time it also sends a message to the outer world that Pakistan has lost much in the war on terror and needs money in order to gain its original status of early 2000s. The country needed around $20 billion in order to prevent itself falling in the default list of Balance of Payment. Initially Pakistan was always reluctant to ask for help from the IMF due to their tough conditions on the subsidies and developmental expenditures but it was the last resort as Plan A and B did not work form the multilateral institutions and friendly countries. Going to the IMF was the need in time as there is a huge and persistent Balance of Payment and secondly, there is tax-to-GDP ratio sticking below 1o percent which is more than 17% in many of the developing countries. Furthermore there are sky high capital budget followed by public debt remaining as high as 55 percent of GDP. The arrangements made by The international Monetary funds if turns into a successful venture, it will help Pakistan in general to gather the goals and objectives in the field of fiscal and monetary deficit to some degree, mainly the phasing out of financial backing to the poor people from the government in th e form of subsidies and developmental budget. All this will help the Finance ministry to increase the revenue base of the government as reforms in tax administration will be there which will be causing 1% increment in the GST from fifteen to sixteen percent implemented in the FY2009 budget) will assist lift tax-to-GDP ratio. In the medium-term, the government will have to go for numerous steps such as eliminating exclusion in GST and the income tax and imposing Agriculture tax. A Comprehensive U.S. Policy to Pakistan states the mismanagement of Pakistans case by the Americans authority in monetary terms. It explains the current economic misery being faced by Pakistan due to its involvement in the War on Terror and other problems like political instability and terrorism. It explains that USA has put millions of Dollars in to Afghanistan and Iraq but Pakistan is the ally and much more important to the American objectives in Asia. Americas assistance to Pakistan is not up to the mark and there is growing anger of the people of Pakistan in the current democratic government and The US. Even the massive Kerry-Lugar bill was rejected by the people of Pakistan on the same grounds. There come the IMF, where Pakistan could go to. The irony of the situation is in the presence of USA, Pakistan still has to goto the IMF where it is always clear that there will be more problems coming up in the country due to the hard rules and regulations imposed by IMF. Thus there is a n immediate need that should be showed by USA in consultation with International Financial Institutions and other donors which should also take their part in providing Pakistan with significant balance of payments and budgetary support designed to prevent financial collapse and to alleviate the immediate humanitarian effects of high food and energy prices. Funds obtained from The International Monetary Funds are catered in the budgetary financing and is to be included in the respective fiscal year. On the other hand, Total Public Debt (TPD) includes domestic debt payable in Pak Rupee as well as the short, medium and long term Public Debt portion of External Debt Liabilities (expressed in Rupee term). Internal debt of Pakistan is also not showing a good picture. It is increasing day-by-day. Total Public Debt (TPD) showed a growth of 12.2 percent during the first nine months of the current fiscal year and reached Rs. 8,160 billion at the end of March 2010. Pakistans government takes again internal and external debts to service back the public deb. As far as the internal debt is concerned, government do have some grip on it but the moment the external debt comes in it, government loses its grip on the grip. In spite of the risks of extreme dependence on domestic debt, it is significant in nature to observe that government debts through l ocal aspects is fundamental in motivating investment and personal savings, as well as intensification of native financial markets, since it provides deepness and liquidity; the important aspect to run the business. The outstanding amount of IMF debt now stands at $ 7.2 billion where it was just $ 5.1 billion at the end of FY09, which shows an increment of 40 percent. Moreover, the IMF authorities have agreed to make it $11 Billion. Out of this unpaid sum; approximately US$ 1100 M is kept for the use of budgetary deficit, where the remaining should be used on the negative Balance of payment. The latest installment of approximately US$ 1.13 Billion was received on May 19, 2010.

Mid-Term Break - Seamus Heaney On my first Sonne - Ben Jonson Which Ess

Mid-Term Break - Seamus Heaney On my first Sonne - Ben Jonson Which poem expresses the experience of grief best? On my first Sonne is a very direct way of expressing the grief that occurs when a child in the family dies. It is about the feelings that Ben Jonson goes through, and the poem describes his emotions and thoughts in detail. On the other hand, Mid-Term Break uses indirect ways to portray grief, by describing events that happen after the death. "Farewell, thou child". On my first Sonne openly addresses the deceased boy in the poem. The poem is to him, and about him. Ben Jonson uses faith to help him through the bereavement. Biblical phrases ("child of my right hand", "my sinne was" and "all his vowes") are scattered through the text. Jonson's thoughts are deeply Christian ("tho'wert lent to me" and "the state he should envie"). "O, could I loose all father, now." Here he candidly expresses his feelings by crying out to God. He speaks bluntly about the grief he is experiencing, and tries to reason with it as well by using Christianity concepts, "For why / Will man lament the state he should envie?". He curses himself for putting too much love and faith into the boy, almost believing in him too much ("my sinne was too much hope of thee, lov'd boy"). I think that On my first Sonne is a poem towards God and the deceased, but it is written for the comfort of Ben Jonson himself, to reassure him about his son's death. The poem is very emotional, and very involved. On my first Sonne uses a regular rhythm, with occasionally rhymes. This creates a profound effect, and this in emphasised in certain places, for example "and I thee pay / Exacted by fate, on the just day." The regularity of the rhy... ... time to think about his brother's death, and then approaches his brother alone. The phrase "wearing a poppy bruise" has overtones of death (poppies are associated with Remembrance day), but also the fact that he is "wearing" a bruise rather than having a bruise indicates that he is not normally in that state, and the poet does not see him as such. The rhythm works best in this poem in the final line, "a four foot box, a foot for every year". The slow pace stresses the tragedy of the event, and gives an insight into the mind of the poet, after he has had a chance to think about it. In conclusion, I believe that the poem Mid-Term Break the experience of grief better than On my first Sonne, because I prefer an indirect approach to the emotions surrounding bereavement. The style of writing and context make it more modern, and makes it seem more relevant.

Loneliness to Insanity and Madness in A Rose for Emily and The Yellow W

From Loneliness to Insanity in A Rose for Emily and The Yellow Wall-Paper      Ã‚   In The Second Sex, Simone de Beauvoir states that within a patriarchal society "woman does not enjoy the dignity of being a person; she herself forms a part of the patrimony of a man: first of her father, then of her husband" (82-3). Both Emily Grierson in William Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily" and the narrator of Charlotte Perkins Gilman's "The Yellow Wall-Paper" are forced into solitude simply because they are women. Emily's father rejects all of her prospective mates; the husband of Gilman's narrator isolates her from stimulation of any kind. Eventually, Emily is a recluse trapped in a deprecated home, and the narrator in Gilman's story is a delusional woman confined to her bed. A study of the characterization and setting of "A Rose for Emily" and "The Yellow Wall-Paper" demonstrates how the oppressive nature of patriarchy drives the women in both stories insane.    The "patrimony of a man" destroys Emily as her father smothers her with his over-protectiveness. He prevents her from courting anyone as "none of the young men were quite good enough for Miss Emily and such" (82). When her father dies, Emily refuses to acknowledge his death; "[W]ith nothing left, she . . . [had] to cling to that which had robbed her" (83). When she finally begins a relationship after his death, she unfortunately falls for Homer Baron who "liked m... ...Jellife. Tokyo: Kenkyusha, 1956.    ---. Faulkner in the University. Ed. Frederick L. Gwynn and Joseph L. Blotner. Charlottesville: U of Virginia P, 1959.    ---. "A Rose for Emily." Literature: Reading, Reacting, Writing. Ed. Laurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandell. 3rd ed. Orlando: Harcourt, 1997. 80-87.    Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. "Why I Wrote 'The Yellow Wall-Paper.'" The Forerunner. October 1913. Online. An American Literature Survey Site. 14 November 1998. Available HTTP: www.cwrl.utexas.edu/~daniel/amlit/index.html    ---. "The Yellow Wall-Paper." Literature: Reading, Reacting, Writing. Ed. Laurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandell. 3rd ed. Orlando: Harcourt, 1997. 160-73.

Shool Work

Excel Chapter 2 – Formulas, Functions, Formatting, and Web Queries MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. To start a new line in a cell, press ____ after each line, except for the last line, which is completed by clicking the Enter box, pressing the ENTER key, or pressing one of the arrow keys. a. |ALT+ENTER|c. |SHIFT+ENTER| b. |CTRL+ENTER|d. |TAB+ENTER| ANS:APTS:1REF:EX 87 2. If a cell has a two-digit year of 32, Excel automatically changes it to a four-digit year of ____. a. |1732|c. |1932| b. |1832|d. |2032| ANS:CPTS:1REF:EX 88 3. Every time you enter a value into a cell in the worksheet, Excel automatically ____ formulas. . |recalculates new|c. |recalculates old| b. |recalculates some|d. |recalculates all| ANS:DPTS:1REF:EX 90 4. To save a previously saved workbook with a new name or on a different drive, ____. a. |click the Save button on the Quick Access Toolbar| b. |click Save As on the File menu| c. |press CTRL+S| d. |click Save on the File menu| ANS:APTS:1REF:EX 90 5. All of the following are valid Excel arithmetic operators except ____. a. |^|c. |%| b. |*|d. |>| ANS:DPTS:1REF:EX 92 6. When Excel follows the order of operations, the formula, 8 * 3 + 2, equals ____. a. |40|c. |48| b. |26|d. |13| ANS:BPTS:1REF:EX 92 7. When an error occurs in a formula in a cell, Excel displays the ____ button next to the cell and identifies the cell with the error by placing a green triangle in the upper left of the cell. a. |Smart Tag Actions|c. |Trace Error| b. |AutoCorrect Options|d. |Auto Fill Options| ANS:CPTS:1REF:EX 96 8. The ____ button lists formatting options following an insertion of cells, row, or columns. a. |Paste Options|c. |Auto Fill Options| b. |Insert Options|d. |AutoCorrect Options| ANS:BPTS:1REF:EX 97 9. In Excel, functions can be entered using any of the following methods except the ____. . |Function command on the Tools menu|c. |Insert Function box in the formula bar| b. |keyboard or mouse|d. |AutoSum command on the Formulas tab| ANS:APTS:1REF:EX 98 10. How do you activate Range Finder to verify a formula in a cell? a. |Range Finder does not verify formulas|c. |Double-click in the cell| b. |Press the ESC key|d. |Click the Range Finder button| ANS:CPTS:1REF:EX 106 11. Us ing the ____ button on the Ribbon instructs Excel to display additional decimal places in a cell. a. |AutoFormat|c. |Increase Decimal| b. |Currency Style|d. |Percent Style| ANS:CPTS:1REF:EX 116 2. Click ____ in the Conditional Formatting gallery to display the New Formatting Rule dialog box. a. |Rule Format|c. |New Format| b. |New Rule|d. |Format Rule| ANS:BPTS:1REF:EX 119 13. When Excel starts and the blank worksheet displays on the screen, all of the columns have a default width of ____. a. |8. 43 characters, or 64 pixels|c. |12. 75 points, or 17 pixels| b. |64 characters, or 8. 43 pixels|d. |17 points, or 12. 75 pixels| ANS:APTS:1REF:EX 122 14. ____ means that the width of the column will be increased or decreased so the widest entry will fit in the column. a. Auto column adjust|c. |Auto adjust| b. |Width fit|d. |Best fit| ANS:DPTS:1REF:EX 122 15. To instruct Excel to display a hidden column, position the mouse pointer to the ____. a. |left of the column heading boundary where th e hidden column is located and then drag to the right| b. |right of the column heading boundary where the hidden column is located and then drag to the left| c. |left of the column heading boundary where the hidden column is located and then drag to the left| d. |right of the column heading boundary where the hidden column is located and then drag to the right| ANS:DPTS:1REF:EX 122 16. If you want to increase or decrease column width significantly, you can right-click a column heading and then use the ____ command on the shortcut menu to change the column’s width. a. |Column Width|c. |Width Adjustment| b. |Adjust Width|d. |Increase Column| ANS:APTS:1REF:EX 123 17. As with column widths, when you decrease the row height to 0, the row is ____. a. |hidden| b. |visible temporarily at the top of the worksheet| c. |deleted| d. |visible temporarily on the left side of the worksheet| ANS:APTS:1REF:EX 126 18. To check the spelling of the text in a single cell, ____ to make the formula bar active and then click the Spelling button on the Review tab on the Ribbon. a. |double-click the formula bar|c. |double-click the cell| b. |right-click the cell|d. |right-click the formula bar| ANS:CPTS:1REF:EX 129 19. If a single cell is selected so that the formula bar is not active and then the spell checker is started, Excel checks ____. a. |only the text in the selected cell| b. |the remainder of the worksheet, including notes and embedded charts| c. |the spelling of all sheets in the workbook| d. the remainder of the worksheet, not including notes and embedded charts| ANS:BPTS:1REF:EX 129 20. Which view allows you to create or modify a worksheet while viewing how it will look in printed format. a. |Print View|c. |Page Layout View| b. |Normal View|d. |Print Layout View| ANS:CPTS:1REF:EX 129 21. You can check formulas for errors by clicking the ____ button on the Formulas tab on the Ribbon. a. |Formul a Checker|c. |Formula| b. |Error Checking|d. |Error Validating| ANS:BPTS:1REF:EX 129 Figure 2-3 22. In the Print dialog box shown in the accompanying figure, the ____ instructs Excel to print the selected range. . |Selection option button|c. |Active sheet(s) option button| b. |Print to file check box|d. |Collate check box| ANS:APTS:1REF:EX 133 23. In the Print dialog shown in the accompanying figure, the ____ instructs Excel to print the worksheet currently on the screen or the selected worksheets. a. |Selection option button|c. |Active sheet(s) option button| b. |Print to file check box|d. |Collate check box| ANS:CPTS:1REF:EX 133 24. In the Print dialog box shown in the accompanying figure, the ____ instructs Excel to print all the worksheets with content in the workbook. a. |Entire workbook option button|c. Selection option button| b. |All option button|d. |Active sheet(s) option button| ANS:APTS:1REF:EX 133 25. In the accompanying figure, what will be printed when you click the O K button? a. |The entire workbook|c. |All pages in the worksheet| b. |The active workbook|d. |The active worksheet| ANS:DPTS:1REF:EX 133 26. Excel does not display the Print dialog box shown in the accompanying figure when the ____ is used. a. |Print button in a dialog box|c. |Print button in the Preview window| b. |Print command on the File menu|d. |Print button on the Quick Access Toolbar| ANS:DPTS:1REF:EX 133 Figure 2-2 27. In the accompanying figure, the Page Setup button displays the ____ dialog box. a. |Print setup for the page|c. |Page Setup| b. |Setup|d. |Page| ANS:CPTS:1REF:EX 133 28. The ____ button, in the accompanying figure, allows you to view the page in larger or smaller sizes in the Preview window. a. |Next page|c. |Page Setup| b. |Zoom|d. |Preview| ANS:BPTS:1REF:EX 133 29. To toggle between the values version and the formulas version of a worksheet, hold down the ____ key. a. |ALT key while pressing the ACCENT MARK (`)| b. |ALT key while pressing the SINGLE QUOTATION MARK (‘)| c. |CTRL key while pressing the ACCENT MARK (`)| . |CTRL key while pressing the SINGLE QUOTATION MARK (‘)| ANS:CPTS:1REF:EX 135 30. The formulas version verifies that you entered formulas, rather than ____, in formula-based cells. a. |text|c. |functions| b. |numbers|d. |dollar signs| ANS:BPTS:1REF:EX 135 31. The ____ of the worksheet shows the actual formulas you have entered, rather than the resulting va lues. a. |Actual symbol|c. |formulas version| b. |current version|d. |Formulas Print symbol| ANS:CPTS:1REF:EX 135 32. The process of finding and correcting errors in a worksheet is called ____. a. |searching and replacing|c. |verifying| b. |debugging|d. |validating| ANS:BPTS:1REF:EX 135 33. To import data stored on a Web site use a ____. a. |Web query|c. |Web import| b. |Web search|d. |Web copy| ANS:APTS:1REF:EX 137 34. Most Excel specialists who build Web queries use the worksheet returned from the Web query as an engine to supply data to another ____ in the workbook. a. |range|c. |cell| b. |dialog box|d. |worksheet| ANS:DPTS:1REF:EX 137 35. What name does Excel give the first blank worksheet? a. |Book1|c. |Worksheet1| b. |Workbook1|d. |Sheet1| ANS:DPTS:1REF:EX 140 36. To rename sheets, double-click the sheet tab in the lower-left corner of the window, type the new sheet name, and then ____. . |click the Cancel box|c. |click the Name box| b. |press the ESC key|d. |press the ENTER key| ANS:DPTS:1REF:EX 141 Figure 2-5 37. In the accompanying figure, what is the first step in renaming the worksheet? a. |Copy the name from an existing worksheet. | b. |Double-click the worksheet tab. | c. |Type the new name next to the old one. | d. |Delete the firs t worksheet in the workbook. | ANS:BPTS:1REF:EX 141 38. In the accompanying figure, to move between worksheets, use the ____ to the left of the sheet tabs. a. |worksheet scrolling button|c. |tab scrolling buttons| b. |worksheet advancing button|d. sheet open-close button| ANS:CPTS:1REF:EX 141 39. Longer worksheet names also can mean that ____ sheet tabs will show. a. |fewer|c. |more| b. |all|d. |no more| ANS:APTS:1REF:EX 141 40. E-mailing a workbook from Excel sends the workbook as a(n) ____ in the e-mail. a. |picture|c. |box| b. |attachment|d. |table | ANS:BPTS:1REF:EX 143 MULTIPLE RESPONSE Modified Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following are considered guidelines to use when making decisions about creating a new workbook? a. |Determine the necessary formulas and functions needed| b. |Identify how to format various elements of the worksheet| c. Specify how the printed worksheet should appear| d. |Enter data into the worksheets and format the cells| ANS:A, B, CPTS:1REF:EX 85 2. Us ing arithmetic operation, the formula, =d4*e4, is the same as which formulas? a. |D4 * E4|c. |=D4 * E4| b. |d4 * e4|d. |=d4 * e4| ANS:C, DPTS:1REF:EX 92 3. You can apply conditional formatting to ____. a. |a cell|c. |a range of cells| b. |the entire worksheet|d. |the entire workbook| ANS:A, B, C, DPTS:1REF:EX 118 4. Which buttons in the Spelling dialog box will not change the spelling of the word? a. |AutoCorrect|c. |Ignore Once| b. |Undo Last|d. |Ignore All| ANS:C, DPTS:1REF:EX 128 . Which statements are true about the Excel spell checker? a. |It can check notes and embedded charts. | b. |It can check all sheets in a workbook. | c. |It can check in one language and offer suggestions in another language. | d. |When it reaches the end of the worksheet, it will ask if you want to continue checking at the beginning. | ANS:A, B, DPTS:1REF:EX 129 TRUE/FALSE 1. The arithmetic operator, ^, directs Excel to perform the division operation. ANS:FPTS:1REF:EX 92 2. Cell references in formulas m ust be entered in uppercase, and spaces cannot be added before or after arithmetic operators. ANS:FPTS:1REF:EX 92 . Regardless of the length and complexity of a formula, using Point mode to enter formulas always is slower and less accurate than using the keyboard. ANS:FPTS:1REF:EX 94 4. When a formula is copied, Excel adjusts the cell references so the new formulas contain references corresponding to the new location and performs calculations using the appropriate values. ANS:TPTS:1REF:EX 96 5. A smart tag indicator is a block plus sign located in the center of the cell. ANS:FPTS:1REF:EX 96 6. The AVERAGE function requires that the argument (the range) be included within parentheses before the function name. ANS:FPTS:1REF:EX 98 7. When Point mode is used to enter a formula or function, the arrow keys can be used to complete the entry. ANS:FPTS:1REF:EX 100 8. Excel has more than 400 functions. ANS:TPTS:1REF:EX 104 9. One of the least common mistakes made with Excel is to include the wrong cell reference in a formula. ANS:FPTS:1REF:EX 106 10. To use Range Finder to verify that a formula contains the intended cell references, right-click the cell with the formula to be checked. ANS:FPTS:1REF:EX 106 11. Excel does not allow the contents of a cell to be aligned vertically. ANS:FPTS:1REF:EX 114 12. The Comma Style button is located on the Ribbon. ANS:TPTS:1REF:EX 115 13. When using conditional formatting, if the condition is true, then Excel applies the formatting. ANS:TPTS:1REF:EX 118 14. With conditional formatting, if the value of the cell changes and no longer meets the specified condition, Excel suppresses the conditional formatting. ANS:TPTS:1REF:EX 121 15. A character is a dot on the screen that contains a color. ANS:FPTS:1REF:EX 122 16. A pixel is defined as a letter, number, symbol, or punctuation mark in 10-point Arial font, the default font used by Excel. ANS:FPTS:1REF:EX 122 17. The default row height in a blank worksheet is 12. 75 points (or 17 pixels). ANS:FPTS:1REF:EX 122 18. To skip correcting a word identified by the spell checker, click the Ignore Once button in the Spelling dialog box. ANS:TPTS:1REF:EX 128 19. If a cell other than cell A1 is selected before starting the spell checker, Excel will display a dialog box when the spell checker reaches the end of the worksheet, asking if the spell checker should continue checking at the beginning. ANS:TPTS:1REF:EX 129 20. You can preview a worksheet using the Print Preview button on the menu bar. ANS:FPTS:1REF:EX 133 21. To import external data from a World Wide Web site, it is necessary to have access to the Internet. ANS:TPTS:1REF:EX 137 Figure 2-1 22. In the accompanying figure, the two middle scroll buttons to the left of the sheet tabs move to the first or last worksheet in the workbook. ANS:FPTS:1REF:EX 141 23. In the accompanying figure, the leftmost and rightmost scroll buttons to the left of the sheet tabs move one worksheet to the left or right. ANS:FPTS:1REF:EX 141 24. The tabs at the bottom of the worksheet window, in the accompanying figure, allow any of the worksheets in the workbook to be viewed. ANS:TPTS:1REF:EX 141 25. When a workbook is sent as an attachment to an e-mail, the recipient can double-click the attachment to open it in Excel, or save it on disk and then open it at a later time. ANS:TPTS:1REF:EX 143 COMPLETION 1. The ____________________ preceding a formula is important because it alerts Excel that a formula or function is being entered and not text. ANS:equal sign PTS:1REF:EX 91 2. Excel places a small purple triangle, called a(n) ____________________, in a cell to indicate that a smart tag is available. ANS:smart tag indicator PTS:1REF:EX 96 3. A blank cell in Excel has a numerical value of ____________________. ANS: zero 0 PTS:1REF:EX 98 . The values used with a function are called ____________________. ANS:arguments PTS:1REF:EX 98 5. The ____________________ function sums the numbers in the specified range and then divides the sum by the number of non-zero cells in the range. ANS:AVERAGE function PTS:1REF:EX 99 6. The ____________________ function displays the highest value in a ran ge. ANS:MAX PTS:1REF:EX 101 7. The ____________________ function determines the lowest value in a range. ANS:MIN PTS:1REF:EX 102 8. The ____________________ inserts a comma every three positions to the left of the decimal point and causes numbers to be displayed to the nearest hundredths. ANS:Comma Style format PTS:1REF:EX 114 9. A(n) ____________________ is a dollar sign that appears immediately to the left of the first digit in a cell with no spaces. ANS:floating dollar sign PTS:1REF:EX 117 10. Formatting that appears only when the value in a cell meets specified conditions is called ____________________. ANS:conditional formatting PTS:1REF:EX 118 11. A(n) ____________________ is defined as a letter, number, symbol, or punctuation mark in the default font used by Excel. ANS:character PTS:1REF:EX 122 12. A(n) ____________________ is a dot on the screen that contains a color. ANS:pixel PTS:1REF:EX 122 13. ____________________ means that the width of a column will be increased or decreased so the widest entry will fit in the column. ANS:Best fit PTS:1REF:EX 122 14. ____________________ is a technique that can be used to conceal data that might not be relevant to a particular report or sensitive data that others should not see. ANS:Hiding cells PTS:1REF:EX 122 Figure 2-4 15. To correct a word throughout a worksheet, click the ____________________ in the Spelling dialog box shown in the accompanying figure. ANS:Change All button PTS:1REF:EX 127 16. To append words to the dictionary, click the ____________________ in the Spelling dialog box shown in the accompanying figure when Excel identifies the word as not in the dictionary. ANS:Add to Dictionary button PTS:1REF:EX 127 17. Click the ____________________ in the Spelling dialog box shown in the accompanying figure to add a misspelled word and its correct spelling to the list of words that Excel automatically will change. ANS:AutoCorrect button PTS:1REF:EX 127 18. The ____________________ of a worksheet is the version that shows the results of the formulas entered, rather than the actual formulas. ANS:values version PTS:1REF:EX 135 19. The ____________________ of a worksheet is the version that shows the actual formulas entered, rather than the resulting values. ANS:formulas version PTS:1REF:EX 135 20. ____________________ is the process of finding and correcting errors in a worksheet. ANS:Debugging PTS:1REF:EX 135 MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE 1. The TOTAL function sums the numbers in the specified range and then divides the sum by the number of nonzero cells in the range. ANS:F, AVERAGE PTS:1REF:EX 99TOP:Critical Thinking 2. The HIGHVALUE function displays the highest value in a range. ANS:F, MAX PTS:1REF:EX 101TOP:Critical Thinking 3. The AVERAGE function displays the lowest value in a range. ANS:F, MIN PTS:1REF:EX 102TOP:Critical Thinking 4. A theme is a predefined set of colors, fonts, chart styles, cell styles, and fill effects that can be applied to an entire workbook. . ANS:TPTS:1REF:EX 107 TOP:Critical Thinking 5. A fixed dollar sign appears to the far left in the cell, often with spaces between it and the first digit; whereas a moving dollar sign appears immediately to the left of the first digit with no spaces. . ANS:F, floating PTS:1REF:EX 114TOP:Critical Thinking MATCHING Identify the letter of the choice that best matches the phrase or definition. a. |Web query|f. |smart tag| b. |order of operations|g. |function| c. |arguments|h. |pixel| d. |theme|i. |debugging| e. |condition|j. |spell checker| 1. Identifies certain actions to take on specific data in workbooks. 2. Used for importing into Excel data that is stored on a Web site. 3. Takes a value or values, performs an operation, and returns a result to the cell. 4. When more than one arithmetic operator is involved in a formula, Excel follows an order from left to right in a formula calculation. 5. A predefined set of colors, fonts, chart styles, cell styles, and fill effects that can be applied to an entire workbook. 6. A dot on the screen that contains a color and its size is based on the screen’s resolution. 7. If true, then Excel applies the formatting. If false, then Excel suppresses the formatting. 8. Compares words on the worksheet to words contained in its standard dictionary. 9. Values that are used with a function. 10. Finding and correcting errors in the worksheet. 1. ANS:FPTS:1REF:EX 96 2. ANS:APTS:1REF:EX 137 3. ANS:GPTS:1REF:EX 98 4. ANS:BPTS:1REF:EX 92 5. ANS:DPTS:1REF:EX 107 6. ANS:HPTS:1REF:EX 122 7. ANS:EPTS:1REF:EX 118 8. ANS:JPTS:1REF:EX 127 9. ANS:CPTS:1REF:EX 98 10. ANS:IPTS:1REF:EX 135 ESSAY 1. Excel’s strength lies in its handling of numbers and the presentation of them. Discuss some of the considerations to keep in mind when formatting numbers. In the discussion, include the terms fixed dollar sign, floating dollar sign, currency, and percent. ANS: Excel displays numbers using the Accounting Number Format with a dollar sign to the left of the number, inserts a comma every three positions to the left of the decimal point, and displays numbers to the nearest cent (hundredths place). Clicking the Accounting Number Format button on the Ribbon assigns the desired accounting number format. When you use the Accounting Number Format button to assign the accounting number format, Excel displays a fixed dollar sign to the far left in the cell, often with spaces between it and the first digit. The Accounting Number Format button assigns a fixed dollar sign to the numbers. To assign a floating dollar sign that appears immediately to the left of the first digit with no spaces, use the Currency Style in the Format Cells dialog box. The Comma Style format is used to instruct Excel to display numbers with commas and no dollar signs. The Comma Style format, which can be assigned to a range of cells by clicking the Comma Style button on the Ribbon, inserts a comma every three positions to the left of the decimal point and causes numbers to be displayed to the nearest hundredths. You can choose from 12 categories of formats. Once you select a category, you can select the number of decimal places, whether or not a dollar sign should be displayed, and how negative numbers should appear. Selecting the appropriate negative numbers format is important, because doing so adds a space to the right of the number in order to align the numbers in the worksheet on the decimal points. Some of the available negative number formats do not align the numbers in the worksheet on the decimal points. The Percent Style button instructs Excel to display a value as a percentage, determined by multiplying the cell entry by 100, rounding the result to the nearest percent, and adding a percent sign. PTS:1TOP:Critical Thinking 2. Discuss how to use conditional formatting, which is the feature of applying conditional operators to a cell, range, worksheet, or workbook. ANS: Excel allows an applied formatting to appear only when the value in a cell meets conditions specified by the user. This type of formatting is called conditional formatting. Any format can be conditionally assigned to a cell, a range of cells, a worksheet, or an entire workbook. If the value of the cell changes and no longer meets the specified condition, Excel suppresses the conditional formatting. Usually, conditional formatting is applied to a range of cells that contains values to highlight, if conditions warrant. For example, instructing Excel to change the color of the background of a cell if the value in the cell meets a condition, such as being less than 0. A condition, which is made up of two values and a relational operator, is true or false for each cell in the range. If the condition is true, then Excel applies the formatting. If the condition is false, then Excel suppresses the formatting. What makes conditional formatting so powerful is that the cell’s appearance can change as you enter new values in the worksheet. Conditional formatting (relational) operators include cell values that are: between or not between two numbers; equal to or not equal to a number; greater than or less than a number; greater than or equal to a number; and less than or equal to a number. PTS:1TOP:Critical Thinking 3. Discuss the relationship of debugging and displaying or printing the formulas version of a worksheet. Also describe the difference between the formulas version and the values version. ANS: The values version of the worksheet shows the results of the formulas entered, rather than the actual formulas. Excel also can display and print the formulas version of the worksheet, which shows the actual formulas entered, rather than the resulting values. Toggling between the values version and formulas version is possible by holding down the CTRL key while ressing the ACCENT MARK (`) key. The formulas version is useful for debugging a worksheet. Debugging is the process of finding and correcting errors in the worksheet. Viewing and printing the formulas version instead of the values version makes it easier to see any mistakes in the formulas. When changing from the values version to the formulas version, Excel increases the width of the columns so the formulas and text do not overflow to adjacent cells on the right. The formulas version of the worksheet usually is significantly wider than the values version. To fit the wide printout on one page, set the orientation to landscape, and the Fit to option in the Page sheet in the Page Setup dialog box. PTS:1TOP:Critical Thinking CASE Critical Thinking Questions Case 1 Leo, owner of Leo’s Bread Company, has recently acquired Excel 2007. He would like to set up a workbook to track sales of different types of breads to determine which types are the most popular among customers. He is particularly interested in sales of rye bread, onion rolls, and bagels. Leo uses the Accounting Number Format with the sales numbers he enters into the cells. . After Leo enters the sales numbers into the cells, he decides he does not want the fixed dollar sign to appear on the far left of the cell, separated by white spaces from the actual value. He would prefer that the dollar sign appear immediately to the left of the first digit of the number. To format the location of the dollar sign, which category on the Number tab in the Format Cells dialog box would he select? a. |General|c. |Currency| b. |Number|d. |Accounting| ANS: C PTS:1REF:EX 114 | 116TOP:Critical Thinking 2. The worksheets still have the default names assigned to them automatically by Excel. How would Leo rename the worksheets to Rye Bread, Onion Rolls, and Bagels? a. |In cell A1, press ALT+ENTER keys and type the new name. |c. |Select cell A1 of the worksheet and type the new name. | b. |Double-click the worksheet tab, type the new name, and press the ENTER key. |d. |Click the top center cell on the worksheet and type the new name. | ANS: B PTS:1REF:EX 141TOP:Critical Thinking Critical Thinking Questions Case 2 Anna is a competitive runner. She wants to improve her performance and decides to keep track of data for six months to determine if the time of day or year affects performance numbers. On a single worksheet, she labels the columns B through E as follows: (B) Start Time, (C) End Time, (D) Total Time, (E) Distance. The rows are labeled: (2) Date, (3)Maximum, (4) Average, (5) Minimum. 3. After three months, Anna wants to know the longest total time she has run, as listed in the Total Time column. By looking at the values in the column, she finds the longest total time to be 54 minutes. Instead of manually entering that value in cell D3 (Maximum Total Time), Anna decides to use the MAX function to determine the value rather than manually entering the 54 minutes. Why did Anna prefer to use the MAX function? a. |She believes that 54 minutes is her best running time. |c. |She believes that 54 minutes is not her best running time. | b. |The MAX function recalculates the highest value each time a new value is entered into the worksheet. |d. |The MAX function provides a constant value that will not change for this cell when a new value is entered into the worksheet. | ANS: B PTS:1REF:EX 102TOP:Critical Thinking 4. When she sets up the worksheet, Anna wants to the know the average distance she runs. What should she do in cell E4 to determine the average distance? a. |Enter the text =av and then select the AVERAGE function from the AutoComplete list; then enter the cell range. |c. |Enter the text =function and then select the AVERAGE function from the AutoFunction list; then enter the cell range. | b. |Enter the text E2:E9 and then enter the cell range. |d. |Enter the text E2:E9/9 and then enter the cell range. | ANS: A PTS:1REF:EX 99TOP:Critical Thinking